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Hindu Marriage Act,1955 (Full Summary and Official Gazette)

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The following is a summary of the Hindu Marriage Act 1955, which aims to allow a reader to understand the key points within the Act without having to read the Act itself. Introduction India, being a cosmopolitan country, allows each citizen to be governed under personal laws relevant to religious views. This extends to personal laws inter alia in the matter of marriage and divorce. As part of the Hindu Code Bill, the Hindu Marriage Act was enacted by Parliament in 1955 to amend and to codify marriage law between Hindus. As well as regulating the institution of marriage (including validity of marriage and conditions for invalidity), it also regulates other aspects of personal life among Hindusand the applicabilityof such lives in wider Indian society. The Hindu Marriage Act provides guidance for Hindus to be in a systematic marriage bond. It gives meaning to marriage, cohabiting rights for both the bride and groom, and a safety for their family and childr...
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LEGAL VIEWS ON BANNING CHINESE APPS

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Narendra Modi government’s Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology banned 59 Chinese apps, including TikTok, WeChat, and UC Browser, it did so through the powers of one law. The government said that these apps were banned under Section 69A of the Information Technology Act, 2000 because “they are engaged in activities which are prejudicial to sovereignty and integrity of India, defence of India, security of state and public order.”



 

Section 69A of the Information Technology Act, 2000, was introduced by an amendment to the Act in 2008. It gives the Central government the power to block public access to any information online — whether on websites or mobile apps.The statement from the Ministry of Electronics and IT (MeitY) said it had received complaints from various sources, including several reports about the misuse of some mobile apps for stealing and surreptitiously transmitting users’ data in an unauthorised manner to servers outside India.

SECTION 69A OFFICIAL  DOCUMENT

Under Section 69A, if a website threatens India’s defence, its sovereignty and integrity, friendly relations with foreign countries and public order, the government can ban it, after following due procedure.

The detailed procedures to do so are listed under the Information Technology (Procedure and Safeguards for Blocking Access of Information by Public) Rules, 2009. Apart from this, a court may also issue directions for blocking information online. The Department of Telecommunications, too, can issue blocking orders to internet service providers, to enforce licensing conditions.

OFFICIAL PRESS RELEASE

 

Blocking Procedure :

The request for blocking a computer source is to be examined by a Committee formed under Rule 7 of the IT Rules, chaired by the Designated Officer. Thereafter, the request shall be considered by the committee as per the guidelines in Rule 8 of IT Rules. The Designated Officer shall put in reasonable efforts to identify the intermediary and concerned other persons and issue notices (via letter, fax or e-mail) to them for appearing and submitting the replies before the committee at specified date and time (not to be less than forty-eight hours from the time of receipt of such notice by such person or intermediary). After the consideration of all the relevant materials at hand, the committee shall give a “specific recommendation” in writing regarding the ban. The recommendation of the committee will be sent to the Secretary of the Department of Information Technology. On approval by the secretary, the designated officer shall proceed with the decision of blocking and do the needful.

 

Legal Options for Chinese Apps:

The Supreme Court had emphasized the importance of Originators being given a pre-decisional hearing and if the same is not provided then the parties have the right to appropriate relief. The Supreme Court had also stated that “reasons have to be recorded in writing in such blocking order so that they may be assailed in a writ petition under Article 226”. Thus, the Final Order, if passed, is open to challenge under Article 226 of the Indian Constitution as confirmed the Supreme Court.

 

Lists of Apps :

Here's the complete list of the apps banned:

1. TikTok

2. Shareit

3. Kwai

4. UC Browser

5. Baidu map

6. Shein

7. Clash of Kings

8. DU battery saver

9. Helo

10. Likee

11. YouCam makeup

12. Mi Community

13. CM Browers

14. Virus Cleaner

15. APUS Browser

16. ROMWE

17. Club Factory

18. Newsdog

19. Beutry Plus

20. WeChat

21. UC News

22. QQ Mail

23. Weibo

24. Xender

25. QQ Music

26. QQ Newsfeed

27. Bigo Live

28. SelfieCity

29. Mail Master

30. Parallel Space

31. Mi Video Call – Xiaomi

32. WeSync

33. ES File Explorer

34. Viva Video – QU Video Inc

35. Meitu

36. Vigo Video

37. New Video Status

38. DU Recorder

39. Vault- Hide

40. Cache Cleaner DU App studio

41. DU Cleaner

42. DU Browser

43. Hago Play With New Friends

44. Cam Scanner

45. Clean Master – Cheetah Mobile

46. Wonder Camera

47. Photo Wonder

48. QQ Player

49. We Meet

50. Sweet Selfie

51. Baidu Translate

52. Vmate

53. QQ International

54. QQ Security Center

55. QQ Launcher

56. U Video

57. V fly Status Video

58. Mobile Legends

59. DU Privacy

 

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